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Mubihe bimwe byo kumurika, mugihe ikirahure cyarebwe kireba kure kandi inguni, hazabaho ibibara byamabara byagabanijwe kuburyo budasanzwe hejuru yikirahure. Ubu bwoko bwibibara byamabara nibyo dukunze kwita "ahangayitse". ", Ntabwo bigira ingaruka ku ngaruka zo kwerekana ikirahure (nta kugoreka ibintu), nta nubwo bigira ingaruka ku ihererekanyabubasha ry'ikirahure (ntabwo bigira ingaruka ku myanzuro, cyangwa ngo bitange kugoreka optique). Nibintu byiza biranga ibirahure byose bifite. Ntabwo ari ikibazo cyiza cyangwa inenge nziza yikirahure cyarakaye, ariko irakoreshwa cyane nkikirahure cyumutekano, kandi abantu bafite ibyo basabwa hejuru kandi hejuru kugirango bagaragare nkikirahure, cyane cyane nkahantu hanini Kuba hari aho bahangayikishijwe no gukomera. ikirahuri mugihe cyo kurukuta rwumwenda bizagira ingaruka mbi kumiterere yikirahure, ndetse bigira ingaruka mubikorwa rusange byuburanga bwinyubako, abantu rero bakitondera cyane aho bahangayitse.

Impamvu zitera guhangayika

Ibikoresho byose bisobanutse birashobora kugabanywamo ibikoresho bya isotropique nibikoresho bya anisotropique. Iyo urumuri runyuze mubintu bya isotropique, umuvuduko wurumuri ni kimwe mubyerekezo byose, kandi urumuri rwasohotse ntiruhinduka kuva kumucyo wabaye. Ikirahuri gifatanye neza ni ibikoresho bya isotropic. Iyo urumuri runyuze mubintu bya anisotropique, urumuri rwibyabaye rugabanyijemo imirasire ibiri ifite umuvuduko utandukanye nintera zitandukanye. Umucyo wasohotse kandi urumuri rwabaye rurahinduka. Ikirahuri kidahwitse, harimo ikirahure gikonje, ni ibikoresho bya anisotropique. Nkibikoresho bya anisotropique yikirahure cyarakaye, ibintu byerekana aho uhangayikishijwe birashobora gusobanurwa nihame ryo gufotora kwifoto: iyo urumuri rwumucyo runyuze mu kirahure cyarangiritse, kubera ko imbere yikirahure haba impagarara zihoraho (guhangayika). y'umucyo izabora mumucyo ibiri ya Polarize hamwe numuvuduko ukwirakwiza wibiti bitandukanye, aribyo urumuri rwihuse numucyo utinda, nabyo byitwa birefringence.

Iyo imirishyo ibiri yumucyo ikozwe mugihe runaka ihuza urumuri rwumucyo rwakozwe ahandi, habaho itandukaniro ryicyiciro aho ihurira ryibiti byumucyo kubera itandukaniro ryumuvuduko ukwirakwira. Kuri iyi ngingo, ibiti bibiri byoroheje bizabangamira. Iyo icyerekezo cya amplitude ari kimwe, ubukana bwurumuri burashimangirwa, bikavamo umurima mwiza wo kureba, ni ukuvuga ahantu heza; iyo icyerekezo cyumucyo amplitude gihabanye, ubukana bwurumuri bugabanuka, bikavamo umurima wijimye wo kureba, ni ukuvuga ibibara byijimye. Igihe cyose habaye gukwirakwiza impungenge zingana mubyerekezo byindege yikirahure cyerekanwe, ahantu hazahangayika.

Mubyongeyeho, kugaragariza hejuru yikirahure bituma urumuri rugaragazwa no guhererekanya bigira ingaruka runaka. Umucyo winjira mubirahuri mubyukuri urumuri hamwe ningaruka ya polarisiyasi, niyo mpamvu uzabona urumuri rwijimye kandi rwijimye cyangwa udusimba.

Impamvu yo gushyushya

Ikirahure gifite ubushyuhe butaringaniye mu cyerekezo cyindege mbere yo kuzimya. Nyuma yuko ikirahure gishyushye kidasanzwe kizimye kandi kigakonja, agace gafite ubushyuhe bwinshi kazatanga imihangayiko idahwitse, kandi agace gafite ubushyuhe buke kazabyara impungenge zikomeye. Ubushuhe butaringaniye buzatera impagarara zingana zingana hejuru yikirahure.

Ikintu gikonje

Uburyo bwo gutondeka ibirahuri bukonja vuba nyuma yo gushyuha. Uburyo bwo gukonjesha hamwe nubushuhe ningirakamaro kimwe muburyo bwo guhangayika. Gukonjesha kutaringaniye kwikirahure mu cyerekezo cyindege mbere yo kuzimya ni kimwe nubushyuhe butaringaniye, bushobora no gutera impagarara zingana. Ubushuhe bwo guhonyora hejuru bwakozwe nubuso hamwe nubushyuhe bukabije bwo gukonjesha ni bunini, kandi guhangayikishwa no kwikuramo biterwa nubutaka hamwe nubukonje buke ni buto. Gukonjesha kutaringaniye bizatera gukwirakwiza kutaringaniye hejuru yikirahure.

Kureba inguni

Impamvu ituma dushobora kubona aho duhangayikishijwe nuko urumuri rusanzwe mumurongo ugaragara urumuri ruba rufite polarize iyo runyuze mubirahure. Iyo urumuri rugaragarira hejuru yikirahure (giciriritse giciriritse) kumurongo runaka, igice cyumucyo kiba polarize kandi kikanyura mubirahure. Igice cyumucyo wacitse nacyo gifite polarize. Iyo tangent yibyabaye impande zumucyo zingana na indangagaciro yo kwangirika yikirahure, polarisiyasi igaragara igera kuri byinshi. Igipimo cyangirika cyikirahure ni 1.5, naho ingero ntarengwa yibyabaye byerekana polarisiyasi ni 56. Nukuvuga ko urumuri rugaragarira hejuru yikirahure ku mpande ya 56 ° ni urumuri rwose. Kubirahure bikonje, urumuri rugaragara tubona rugaragarira mubice bibiri bifite urumuri rwa 4% buri umwe. Umucyo ugaragara uva hejuru ya kabiri uri kure yacu unyura mu kirahure. Iki gice cyumucyo kiratwegereye. Umucyo ugaragara kuva hejuru yambere ubangamira hejuru yikirahure kugirango utange ibara ryamabara. Kubwibyo, isahani yibibazo iragaragara cyane iyo witegereje ikirahuri ku mpande zingana na 56. Ihame rimwe naryo rireba ikirahure gikingira ikirahure kuko hariho ubuso bwinshi bwerekana urumuri rwinshi. Kubirahuri bituje hamwe nurwego rumwe rwo guhangayika kutaringaniye, ibibanza byo guhangayika tubona birasobanutse kandi bigaragara ko biremereye.

ubunini bw'ikirahure

Kubera ko urumuri rukwirakwira mubyimbye bitandukanye byikirahure, uko umubyimba munini, inzira ndende ya optique, niko amahirwe menshi yo gukwirakwiza urumuri. Kubwibyo, kubirahuri bifite urwego rumwe rwo guhangayika, uko umubyimba munini, uburemere bwibara ryibibanza.

Ubwoko bw'ikirahure

Ubwoko butandukanye bwikirahure bugira ingaruka zitandukanye mubirahuri hamwe nurwego rumwe. Kurugero, ikirahuri cya borosilike kizagaragara cyoroshye mumabara kuruta ikirahuri cya soda.

Kubirahuri bituje, biragoye cyane kurandura burundu ibibanza bitesha umutwe bitewe numwihariko wihame ryayo rikomeza. Ariko, muguhitamo ibikoresho bigezweho no kugenzura neza uburyo bwo kubyara umusaruro, birashoboka kugabanya aho uhangayikishijwe no kugera kurwego rwo kutagira ingaruka nziza.

Ikirahuri cya Saidani ikirahuri kizwi kwisi yose itunganya ibintu byiza cyane, igiciro cyo gupiganwa nigihe cyo gutanga igihe. Hamwe noguhindura ibirahuri mubice bitandukanye kandi bizobereye mukirahure gikoraho, hindura ikirahure, AG / AR / AF / ITO / FTO ikirahure hamwe na ecran yo hanze no hanze.