Zenzeka Njani Iimbiza Zoxinzelelo?

Phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokukhanyisa, xa iglasi epholileyo ijongwa kumgama othile kunye ne-engile, kuya kubakho amabala anemibala asasazwa ngokungaqhelekanga kumphezulu weglasi epholileyo. Olu hlobo lwamabala anemibala yinto esiyibiza ngokuba "iindawo zoxinzelelo". ", ayichaphazeli isiphumo sokubonakaliswa kweglasi (akukho ukuphazamiseka okubonakalayo), kwaye ayichaphazeli umphumo wokuhanjiswa kweglasi (ayichaphazeli isisombululo, kwaye ayivelisi ukuphazamiseka kwe-optical). Luphawu olubonakalayo olunayo yonke iglasi epholileyo. Akuyona ingxaki yomgangatho okanye isiphene somgangatho weglasi epholileyo, kodwa isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengeglasi yokhuseleko, kwaye abantu baneemfuno eziphezulu kunye eziphezulu zokubonakala kweglasi, ngakumbi njengendawo enkulu Ubukho beendawo zoxinzelelo kwi-toughened. iglasi ngexesha lesicelo sodonga lomkhusane iya kuchaphazela kakubi inkangeleko yeglasi, kwaye ichaphazele nesiphumo sobuhle besakhiwo, ngoko ke abantu banikela ingqalelo ngakumbi nangakumbi kwiindawo zoxinzelelo.

Iimbangela zeendawo zoxinzelelo

Zonke izinto ezicacileyo zinokwahlulwa zibe yizinto ze-isotropic kunye nezixhobo ze-anisotropic. Xa ukukhanya kudlula kwizinto ze-isotropic, isantya sokukhanya siyafana kuzo zonke iinkalo, kwaye ukukhanya okukhutshiweyo akutshintshi kwisiganeko sokukhanya. Iglasi efakwe kakuhle yimathiriyeli ye-isotropic. Xa ukukhanya kudlula kwizinto ze-anisotropic, ukukhanya kwesiganeko kwahlula ibe yimisebe emibini enezantya ezahlukeneyo kunye nemigama eyahlukileyo. Ukukhanya okukhutshiweyo kunye nokutshintsha kokukhanya kwesiganeko. Iglasi engafakwanga kakuhle, kubandakanywa neglasi epholileyo, yimathiriyeli ye-anisotropic. Njengezinto ze-anisotropic zeglasi epholileyo, into eyenziwa ngamabala oxinzelelo inokuchazwa ngumgaqo we-photo elasticity: xa ukukhanya kwe-polarized kudlula kwiglasi epholileyo, kuba kukho uxinzelelo olusisigxina (uxinzelelo oluphantsi) ngaphakathi kweglasi, le ntsimbi. yokukhanya iya kubola ibe kukukhanya okubini okuPolarized kunye nezantya ezahlukeneyo zosasazo lwe-beam, ezizezi ukukhanya okukhawulezayo kunye nokukhanya okucothayo, kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-birefringence.

Xa izibane ezimbini zokukhanya ezenziwe kwindawo ethile zinqumla umqadi wokukhanya owenziwe kwenye indawo, kukho umahluko wesigaba kwindawo yokuhlangana kwemiqadi yokukhanya ngenxa yokumahluko kwisantya sokusasaza ukukhanya. Ngeli xesha, izibane zokukhanya ezimbini ziya kuphazamisa. Xa ulwalathiso lwe-amplitude lufana, ukukhanya kokukhanya kuqiniswa, kubangele intsimi eqaqambileyo, oko kukuthi, iindawo ezikhanyayo; xa ulwalathiso lwe-amplitude yokukhanya luchasanayo, ukukhanya kokukhanya kuyancipha, okukhokelela kwintsimi emnyama, oko kukuthi, amabala amnyama. Logama nje kukho ukuhanjiswa koxinzelelo olungalinganiyo kwicala lenqwelomoya yeglasi epholileyo, amabala oxinzelelo ayakwenzeka.

Ukongezelela, ukubonakaliswa kwendawo yeglasi kwenza ukukhanya okubonakalayo kunye nokuhanjiswa kube nefuthe elithile le-polarization. Ukukhanya okungena kwiglasi ngenene ukukhanya kunye nefuthe le-polarization, yiyo loo nto uza kubona ukukhanya kunye nemigca emnyama okanye amachokoza.

Ukufudumeza into

Iglasi inezifudumezi ezingalinganiyo kwicala lenqwelomoya phambi kokucima. Emva kokuba iglasi eshushu engalinganiyo icinyiwe kwaye ipholile, indawo enobushushu obuphezulu iya kuvelisa uxinzelelo oluncinci, kwaye indawo enobushushu obuphantsi iya kuvelisa uxinzelelo olukhulu. Ukufudumeza okungalinganiyo kuya kubangela uxinzelelo olungasasazwanga ngokulinganayo kumphezulu weglasi.

Into yokupholisa

Inkqubo yokufudumala yeglasi ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza emva kokufudumeza. Inkqubo yokupholisa kunye nenkqubo yokufudumeza ibaluleke ngokulinganayo ekubunjweni koxinzelelo lomsindo. Ukupholisa okungalinganiyo kweglasi kwicala lenqwelomoya phambi kokucima kuyafana nokufudumeza okungalinganiyo, okunokubangela uxinzelelo olungalinganiyo. Uxinzelelo loxinzelelo oluphezulu olwenziwa ngummandla kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lokupholisa lukhulu, kwaye uxinzelelo oluxinzelelekileyo olwenziwe ngummandla kunye nokupholisa okuphantsi kuncinci. Ukupholisa okungalinganiyo kuya kubangela ukuhanjiswa koxinzelelo olungalinganiyo kumphezulu weglasi.

I-engile yokujonga

Isizathu sokuba sikwazi ukubona indawo yoxinzelelo kukuba ukukhanya kwendalo kwibhanti yokukhanya ebonakalayo i-polarized xa idlula kwiglasi. Xa ukukhanya kubonakaliswe kumphezulu weglasi (i-transparent medium) kwi-angle ethile, inxalenye yokukhanya i-polarized kwaye idlula kwiglasi. Inxalenye yokukhanya okuhlanjululweyo nayo i-polarized. Xa i-tangent ye-angle yesiganeko sokukhanya ilingana ne-index refractive yeglasi, i-polarization ebonakalisiweyo ifikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Isalathiso se-refractive seglasi yi-1.5, kwaye i-angle enkulu yesiganeko se-polarization ebonakalisiweyo yi-56. Oko kukuthi, ukukhanya okubonakaliswe kwiglasi yeglasi kwi-angle yesiganeko ye-56 ° phantse yonke i-polarized light. Kwiglasi epholileyo, ukukhanya okubonakalisiweyo esikubonayo kubonakala kwimigangatho emibini kunye ne-reflection ye-4% nganye. Ukukhanya okubonakalisiweyo ukusuka kwindawo yesibini ekude kuthi kudlula kwiglasi yoxinzelelo. Le nxalenye yokukhanya isondele kuthi. Ukukhanya okubonakalisiweyo ukusuka kumphezulu wokuqala kuphazamisa umphezulu weglasi ukuvelisa amachokoza anemibala. Ngoko ke, ipleyiti yoxinzelelo ibonakala kakhulu xa uqwalasela iglasi kwi-angle yesiganeko se-56. Umgaqo ofanayo usebenza kwiglasi yokushisa yomsindo ngenxa yokuba kukho iindawo ezikhanyayo kunye nokukhanya okungaphezulu. Kwiglasi epholileyo enezinga elifanayo loxinzelelo olungalinganiyo, iindawo zoxinzelelo esizibonayo zicacile kwaye zibonakala zinzima.

ubukhulu beglasi

Ekubeni ukukhanya kusasazeka kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zeglasi, ubukhulu bobukhulu, ubude bendlela ye-optical, amathuba amaninzi okukhanya kwe-polarization. Ngoko ke, kwiglasi enezinga elifanayo loxinzelelo, ubukhulu obukhulu, ubunzima bombala weendawo zoxinzelelo.

Iintlobo zeglasi

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeglasi zineempembelelo ezahlukeneyo kwiglasi enenqanaba elifanayo loxinzelelo. Ngokomzekelo, iglasi ye-borosilicate iya kubonakala ilula ngombala kuneglasi ye-soda lime.

Kwiglasi epholileyo, kunzima kakhulu ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo amabala oxinzelelo ngenxa yobungcali bomgaqo wayo wokuqinisa. Nangona kunjalo, ngokukhetha izixhobo eziphambili kunye nolawulo olufanelekileyo lwenkqubo yokuvelisa, kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa amabala oxinzelelo kunye nokufezekisa iqondo lokungachaphazeli umphumo wobuhle.

Saida Glassngumboneleli owaziwayo weglasi yehlabathi jikelele womgangatho ophezulu, ixabiso elikhuphisanayo kunye nexesha lokuhambisa elifika ngexesha. Ngokwenza iglasi ngokwezifiso kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokugxila kwiglasi yepaneli yokuchukumisa, ipaneli yeglasi yokutshintsha, i-AG / AR / AF / ITO / FTO iglasi kunye nesikrini sangaphakathi kunye nangaphandle.