Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokukhanyisa, lapho ingilazi epholile ibhekwa ukusuka ebangeni elithile kanye ne-engeli, kuzoba khona amachashaza anombala angasatshalaliswa ngendlela engavamile ebusweni bengilazi epholile. Lolu hlobo lwamabala anombala yilokho esivame ukukubiza ngokuthi “ama-stress spots”. ", akuthinti umphumela wokubonisa wengilazi (akukho ukuhlanekezela kokubonisa), futhi akuthinti umphumela wokudlulisa wengilazi (awuthinti ukulungiswa, futhi awukhiqizi ukuhlanekezela kwe-optical). Kuyisici se-optical yonke ingilazi epholile enayo. Akuyona inkinga yekhwalithi noma ukukhubazeka kwekhwalithi yengilazi epholile, kodwa isetshenziswa kabanzi njengengilazi yokuphepha, futhi abantu banezidingo eziphakeme neziphakeme zokubukeka kwengilazi, ikakhulukazi njengendawo enkulu Ukuba khona kwezindawo zokucindezeleka ku-toughened ingilazi ngesikhathi sokufakwa kodonga lwamakhethini izophazamisa ukubukeka kwengilazi, futhi ithinte ngisho nomphumela wobuhle wesakhiwo, ngakho-ke abantu banaka kakhulu izindawo zokucindezeleka.
Izimbangela zezindawo zokucindezeleka
Zonke izinto ezibonakalayo zingahlukaniswa zibe izinto ze-isotropic kanye nezinto ze-anisotropic. Uma ukukhanya kudlula ezintweni ze-isotropic, isivinini sokukhanya siyefana kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, futhi ukukhanya okukhishiwe akushintshi kusukela ekukhanyeni kwesigameko. Ingilazi efakwe kahle iyimpahla ye-isotropic. Uma ukukhanya kudlula ezintweni ze-anisotropic, ukukhanya kwesigameko kuhlukaniswa kube imisebe emibili enesivinini esihlukile namabanga ahlukene. Ukukhanya okukhishiwe kanye nokukhanya kwesigameko kuyashintsha. Ingilazi engabanjwanga kahle, okuhlanganisa nengilazi epholile, iyimpahla ye-anisotropic. Njengento ye-anisotropic yengilazi epholile, isenzakalo sezindawo zokucindezeleka singachazwa ngomgomo wokunwebeka kwesithombe: lapho umsebe wokukhanya owenziwe nge-polar udlula engilazini epholile, ngoba kukhona ukucindezeleka okungapheli (ukucindezeleka okuphumuzayo) ngaphakathi kwengilazi, lo msebe. yokukhanya izobola ibe ukukhanya okubili oku-Polarized okunezivinini ezihlukene zokusakaza zemishayo, okungukuthi ukukhanya okusheshayo nokukhanya okunensayo, kubizwa nangokuthi i-birefringence.
Lapho izingongolo ezimbili zokukhanya ezakhiwe endaweni ethile ziphambana nensimu yokukhanya eyakhiwe kwenye indawo, kunomehluko wesigaba endaweni yokuhlangana yemishayo yokukhanya ngenxa yomehluko wejubane lokusakaza ukukhanya. Kuleli qophelo, imishayo emibili yokukhanya izophazamisa. Lapho isiqondiso se-amplitude sifana, ukukhanya kokukhanya kuyaqiniswa, okuholela endaweni ekhanyayo yokubuka, okungukuthi, izindawo ezikhanyayo; lapho isiqondiso se-amplitude yokukhanya siphambene, ukukhanya kokukhanya kuyancipha, okuholela endaweni emnyama yokubuka, okungukuthi, amabala amnyama. Uma nje kunokusatshalaliswa kokucindezeleka okungalingani endizeni yengilazi epholile, izindawo zokucindezeleka zizokwenzeka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubonakaliswa kwendawo yengilazi kwenza ukukhanya okubonisiwe kanye nokudluliselwa kube nomthelela othile we-polarization. Ukukhanya okungena engilazini empeleni kukhanya okunomphumela we-polarization, yingakho uzobona imithende ekhanyayo nemnyama noma amachashaza.
Isici sokushisa
Ingilazi inokushisa okungalingani endizeni ngaphambi kokucisha. Ngemva kokuba ingilazi efudumele engalingani icinywe futhi ipholile, indawo enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu izokhiqiza ukucindezeleka okuncane, futhi indawo enezinga lokushisa eliphansi izokhiqiza ukucindezeleka okukhulu okucindezelayo. Ukushisa okungalingani kuzobangela ingcindezi ecindezelayo engasatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo endaweni engilazi.
Isici sokupholisa
Inqubo yokushisa yengilazi ipholisa ngokushesha ngemva kokushisa. Inqubo yokupholisa kanye nenqubo yokushisa ibaluleke ngokulinganayo ekwakhekeni kwengcindezi yokunciphisa. Ukupholisa okungalingani kwengilazi endaweni yendiza ngaphambi kokucisha kuyafana nokushisa okungalingani, okungase futhi kubangele ukucindezeleka okungalingani. Ukucindezeleka okucindezelwayo okungaphezulu okwakhiwa indawo enezinga eliphezulu lokupholisa kukhulu, futhi ukucindezeleka okucindezelayo okwakhiwa indawo enomfutho ophansi wokupholisa kuncane. Ukupholisa okungalingani kuzodala ukusabalalisa kokucindezeleka okungalingani endaweni yengilazi.
I-engeli yokubuka
Isizathu esenza sikwazi ukubona indawo yokucindezeleka ukuthi ukukhanya kwemvelo ebhendini yokukhanya ebonakalayo kwenziwa i-polarized uma kudlula engilazini. Lapho ukukhanya kubonakala ebusweni bengilazi (i-transparent medium) nge-engeli ethile, ingxenye yokukhanya i-polarized futhi iphinde idlule engilazini. Ingxenye yokukhanya okufihliwe nayo ifakwe i-polarized. Uma i-tangent ye-engeli yesigameko yokukhanya ilingana nenkomba ye-refractive yengilazi, i-polarization ebonisiwe ifinyelela kumkhawulo. Inkomba yengilazi eyi-refractive ingu-1.5, futhi i-engeli enkulu yesigameko ye-polarization ebonisiwe ingu-56. Okusho ukuthi, ukukhanya okuvela endaweni yengilazi nge-engeli yesigameko engu-56° cishe konke ukukhanya okugqamile. Ngengilazi epholile, ukukhanya okubonakalayo esikubonayo kubonakala kusuka ezindaweni ezimbili ezinokukhanya okungu-4% ngakunye. Ukukhanya okuveziwe okuvela endaweni yesibili ekude kakhulu nathi kudlula engilazini yokucindezeleka. Le ngxenye yokukhanya iseduze nathi. Ukukhanya okuveziwe okuvela endaweni yokuqala kuphazamisa indawo yengilazi ukuze kukhiqizwe amachashaza anemibala. Ngakho-ke, ipuleti lokucindezeleka libonakala kakhulu lapho ubuka ingilazi nge-engeli yesigameko engu-56. Umgomo ofanayo uyasebenza engilazini yokushisa ukushisa ngoba kunezindawo ezikhanyayo eziningi kanye nokukhanya kwe-polarized. Ngengilazi epholile enezinga elifanayo lokucindezeleka okungalingani, izindawo zokucindezeleka esizibonayo zicacile futhi zibonakala zisinda kakhulu.
ukujiya ingilazi
Njengoba ukukhanya kwanda ngogqinsi oluhlukene lwengilazi, ukushuba okukhulu, indlela ye-optical iba yinde, amathuba engeziwe okukhanya kwe-polarization. Ngakho-ke, ingilazi enezinga elifanayo lokucindezeleka, ubukhulu obukhulu, umbala wezindawo zokucindezeleka obunzima.
Izinhlobo zengilazi
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zengilazi zinemiphumela ehlukene engilazini enezinga elifanayo lokucindezeleka. Isibonelo, ingilazi ye-borosilicate izobonakala ilula ngombala kunengilazi ye-soda lime.
Ngengilazi epholile, kunzima kakhulu ukuqeda ngokuphelele izindawo zokucindezeleka ngenxa yesimiso sayo sokuqinisa. Kodwa-ke, ngokukhetha amathuluzi athuthukisiwe kanye nokulawula okunengqondo kwenqubo yokukhiqiza, kungenzeka ukunciphisa izindawo zokucindezeleka futhi uzuze izinga lokungaphazamisi umphumela wobuhle.
Saida Glassiwumhlinzeki owaziwayo womhlaba jikelele wokucubungula ingilazi ejulile yekhwalithi ephezulu, amanani ancintisanayo kanye nesikhathi sokulethwa esifika ngesikhathi. Ngengilazi yokwenza ngendlela oyifisayo ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene futhi esebenza ngokukhethekile ngengilazi yephaneli yokuthinta, shintsha iphaneli yengilazi, ingilazi ye-AG/AR/AF/ITO/FTO kanye nesikrini sokuthinta sangaphakathi nangaphandle.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-09-2020
